The role of green total factor productivity to farm-level performance: evidence from Norwegian dairy farms

Abstract In the economics literature, measuring performance of a dairy farm with total productivity index is common practice. Previous research, on other hand, has been chastised for failing to account agricultural emissions in their models when calculating resource use productivity. This study estimated green factor (GTFP) accounting farms' CH4 emission model. The based unbalanced panel data from 692 specialized farms 1991 2020. To estimate GTFP and its components using multiple input–output environmental production technologies, stochastic input distance function Translog model were used. average annual growth rate over research period was 0. 032%. main reason increase positive scale change contributions. Technological (− 0.031% per year) efficiency 0.002% year), had detrimental effect GTFP.